Exchange Shopping Centre Essay Example for Free

Exchange Shopping Centre Essay Running Bare is an active gear store for women. It first opened its first concept store in Putney in July of 2004. It gained reputation as the leading women’s activewear, footwear and swimwear specialist and store in the next few years. This led to the expansion of the store to include the opening of branches in Temple Fortune North London and Tunbridge Wells and the most recent, Australia. With a mission to provide quality sportswear and accessories for women on the lookout for excellent performance gears and wears with a fashion sense. The working philosophy of Running Bare hails from the confidence, success-driven and positive energy that women on the go possess. With an excellent inventory of sports shoe brands such as Asics, Running Bare also uniquely offers technical advice and foot assessment in their stores. Running bare products are expertly designed to augment balance, vitality and strength to the women who war them, giving the much needed support for the type of activities they perform, allowing them to excel. Since women are at the heart of Running Bare, its driving goal is to preserve sophistication and style in each of their product yet providing an exquisite partner for every active woman out there. Running Bare products range from tops, pants/bottoms, fliptops, footwear, accessories, swimwear, trainers and a line of beauty products. Products are also categorized according to activities such as running, fitness, yoga and pilates, swimwear, courts ports and netball. Running Bare stores are located at The Exchange Shopping Centre? High Street Putney,? London SW15 1TW? with contact number, 0208 788 8875 and ? Email:[emailprotected] co. uk? They open from ? 9am 6pm Monday,Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday? 9am 7pm Thursday? 11am 5pm – Sunday. To get to this store, you can board the following? BUS ROUTES? 74, 14, 22, 265, 85, 93, 37, 430, 424, 39, 337, 220. The Running Bare Temple Fortune is located at? 7 Hallswelle Parade,? Finchley Road? London NW11 0DL. You can contact them at tel. 0208 458 9375? and Email:[emailprotected] uk. They open from 9. 30am 5. 30pm Monday to Saturday? CLOSED Sunday. If you are taking the tube, you can disembark at Golders Green and then 15min walk or take buses 102 (towards Edmonton), 82 or 460 (towards North Finchley) Runningbare Tunbridge Wells? is located at 201 Royal Victoria Place Royal Tunbridge Wells TN1 2SS. Their contact number is 01892 617 338 and email: [emailprotected] co. uk. They open from 9am 6pm Monday to Saturday and 9am 8pm – Thursday and 10. 30am 4. 30pm – Sunday.

The Iliad of Homer :: essays research papers

The competition for power and ultimate victory is continuous throughout the Iliad. Several characters including gods and men, attempt to assume authority and rule in order to fulfill personal endeavors and obtain self-gratification. However, it is often that by themselves, these strong figures cannot carry out the tasks that they wish to accomplish. Instead, they are quick to manipulate and beg in order to have the job completed by someone else. On both the human and immortal level, individuals constantly need the help of others in their struggle for supremacy. At first, discord arises due to the greed of Agamemnon, yet Achilleus prolongs the problem by holding on to his anger. He acts such as a tantrum-throwing child does when Pallus Athene disallows him from continuing his argument. To prove his point, he has to ask his mother to go to Zeus, and plead for him to help the Trojans so â€Å"that Atreus’ son wide-ruling Agamemnon may recognize his madness, that he did no honor to the best of the Achaians† (I, 411-412) Achilleus puts himself above the rest of the Achaians, but does not act 1 accordingly to the position he claims for himself. He forgets that as leader, the consequences of his actions, also affects those whom he holds in his charge, and close to his heart. Furthermore, instead of assuming full responsibility for his situation, Achilleus places part of the load on his mother Thetis, as well as Zeus. In drawing gods into the conflict, Achilleus further complicates the matter. Without the intervention of immortals, the victor of any contest is simply the stronger, more skilled, or perhaps luckier opponent. Once the gods are brought into the field of play, anything can be expected since they are even capable of changing the destinies of men. Hera is one of the first of the gods to exhibit her meddling ways and the capacity to turn the tables. When she plans to seduce Zeus into bed to occupy him so that Poseidon may help the Achaians, Hera enlists the help of Aphrodite and Sleep. Though the concept of helping mortals is good and selfless, there is also much evil in her actions. There are no bounds to how low Hera will stoop to acquire the services she needs to triumph over her husband. In order to gain their help, Hera tells lies to Aphrodite, and bribes Sleep with â€Å"gifts; a lovely throne, imperishable forever, of gold† (XIV, 238-239).

Factors Affecting the Development of a Child

‘Neuroses are only acquired during early childhood even though their symptoms may not make their appearance until much later. The events of the first year are of paramount importance for a child’s whole subsequent life’. (Freud, 1902) Regardless of age, nationality, gender or ethnicity every human has something in common; we are all born as babies. This essay will examine and research factors in depth in order to simplify the complicated process of identifying key factors including scientific data as well as theories and methods derived from experts of different fields.A diverse view will be analysed of the developing process in order to understand the intricate events underlying these factors from the first beat of the heart to a moment by moment development and co-ordination of thousands of biological events of the nervous and endocrine systems of the new-born will also be monitored. Our research will engage in a holistic approach, reflecting on the nativism ver sus empiricism debate.After looking at a broad spectrum of topics, issues and views and their implications on certain theories and methodologies, this evidence will guide us to conclude a hypothesis on factors that relate to the effect of the development of a baby in its first year. Looking from an evolutionary perspective, biological explanations suggest that the bond of attachment occurs naturally as a result of innate urges on the part of their baby and their carer during a critical period (Bowlby).In support of this, Lorenz carried out an experiment on geese that had just hatched and been removed from their mothers, only for them to see humans and sure enough they imprinted the scientist instead of their mothers. Similarly, this lead Bowlby to hypothesize that both human infants and mothers has evolved an innate need made in an optimal time which propelled them towards their mothers. For this reason he also predicted that young children who do not experience a warm and continuin g attachment in the first year would fail to develop a healthy relationship in the future.In other words Bowlby claimed that ‘mother love in infancy is as important for mental health as are vitamins and proteins for physical health’. In contrast, a longitudinal study conducted on a large number of boy’s aged 9-12 years found quite a few who had been separated from their mothers as infants but seemed well adjusted as they entered adolescence (Rutter, 1933). However, causality is difficult to determine making it difficult to disentangle the effect of maternal separation on later behaviour as there may be other confounding factors that may contribute or even cause the final result.By far, the most critical blow to attachment theory comes from ‘reversal’ studies which show early disruption followed by complete recovery (Clarke and Clarke). Similarly, recent research has shown that babies are much more flexible and resilient than Bowlby thought and the bo nd between the mother and child is not irreplaceable or irreversible but babies are capable of forming attachments to several adults and have been revealed possible and successful e. g. adopted children (The Tizard study of adopted children).Still, much of this information is based on retrospective data and so may not be accurate in drawing firm conclusions to maternal attachment being an exclusive factor that can affect the development of babies in their first year of life. Additionally, the human givens approach also asserts the view that there are biological needs which when not met lead to severe distress in humans such as an infant growing up in a socially deprived environment.This has also been positively correlated to poorer health and thus weaker cognitive development in young children (DCSF, 2009) which may be because living in a low income household or deprived area makes it more likely that infants will be exposed to risk factors that affect their life chances for example domestic violence, smoking, illness, low aspirations etc. (SETF, 2008) and even poor nutrition. Like all mammals, humans obtain life-sustaining nourishment through suckling and throughout the history of the human species; the only or primary source of nourishment for infants was breast milk which has many virtues (Newman, 1995).Alongside it also involves the necessary skin-to skin contact from the mother which gives the baby a feeling of warmth and security as well as strengthening the infant’s immune system. In spite of this, the majority of infants are still formula-fed predominantly in undeveloped countries where poor, uneducated parents often dilute the formula in an effort to make the expensive powder last longer. As a result, in such circumstances the parent’s attempts to promote the health of their babies end up having the opposite effect (Popkin and Doan, 1990) with later development of inadequate growth and physical deficiencies.And although every individual has a ‘blueprint’ for growth, but realisation of this growth potential is only possible if nutrient supplies in childhood are adequate (Jackson, 1996). From this it could again be inferred that situational factors such as poverty also have a detrimental effect on childhood development which is why low birth weight is more likely in children from lower socio economic groups. This has been exemplified from the recent case of Humzah khan whose mother starved him in a cot for 21 months and was more concerned about feeding her alcohol addiction in place of her malnourished son.Although the health services were called they were turned away many times before the case was brought into global attention which points to the difficulty in gaining access to the private sphere of one’s home. On the whole, Statistics do highlight that children from low-income households are more likely to experience problems with nutrition leading to a negative influence on the mental well-bein g of children and in the long run may even lead to childhood obesity.Consequently, health economics even point to the bidirectionality of this relationship and propose that ‘poverty breeds ill-health, ill-health maintains poverty’ (Wagstaff, 2002). Furthermore, scientific evidence also illustrates that infants with vulnerable and stressful environments at home can lead to physical changes that affect a baby’s cognitive ability and performance of their brain in the first year of life (DCSF).Neuropsychologists demonstrate how the negative impact of stress sculpts the developing brain architecture by reducing the number of synapses in the prefrontal cortex and thus weakening the connections in neurones. Besides, other scientific research also explains that that excess amount of cortisol also has major toxic effects on a developing child as well as the ACE study pyramid which illustrates that certain experiences during a child’s first year of life are major ri sk factors for the leading cause of illness, trauma and even death in later life.Hence, this gives reason for us to believe how crucial the environment is as a factor that can affect the development of babies in their first year of life. However, unlike broken bones irreversible maldevelopment of brain areas mediating empathy resulting from emotional neglect in infancy is not readily available.On the other hand while rarely studied in humans the neurodevelopmental impact of sensory deprivation is the subject of hundreds of animal studies (Coleman and Riesin, 1968) although it could be argued that it is quite difficult to extrapolate the results from animals to human. Nevertheless, others counter argue that this is only done when it would be unethical to manipulate human lives due to practical and ethical reasons and even though caution is necessary in generalizing results from animals to people, similarities between species sometimes allow this to be done.Besides, case studies of hu mans e. g.  Genie Curtiss also emphasize the view that social deprivation and neglect does in fact influence later development who suffered from extreme privation since birth and even though she did later learn some language it was not deemed as ‘normal’ and so she never caught up developmentally. (Curtiss, 1977). Albeit, it was very detailed on the other hand critics have argued that it was only a case study and so cannot be generalised to the wider population.However, wider support and brain research have strengthened this study by using a triangulation of methods, thus making it more valid and less prone to doubt. Through these cases many policies were also implicated resulting in far-reaching changes for example through Bowlby’s maternal deprivation hypothesis practices were derived to avoid the unnecessary separation of children from their parents for example parents being encouraged to remain with their children in hospital and the provision of facilities for them to stay overnight (NCT policy).Likewise, other policies such as the Green paper: every child Matters (HM treasury, 2003) was published in response to the death of Victoria Climbie whose plight was ignored by 12 different professionals. In response the Green paper with its strong focus on better support for parenting and families starts with five overall aims for all children including being healthy (NHS reforms) and not being prevented by economic disadvantage from achieving their full potential (Dfes 2002).Therefore, it can be insinuated that the political factor is also dominant in the physical and emotional development of babies in the first year of life. In spite of this it is important to consider the continuous change in child culture particularly in the 21st century. Yet, this has also had many positive implications for example the newly emerging idea of babies as the ‘nation’s future’ led to a marked change in the level of influence the governme nt was now prepared to try to exert upon families thereby displaying a significant reduction in the number of infant mortality rates (Dwork, 1987).Moreover, the emergence and notion of a child-centred society set new laws including family allowances in 1945 for children in low income households as well as the reform of a national health service to create ‘comprehensive health and rehabilitation services for the prevention and cure of disease’ (1948). However, differences in broader culture means that not all countries have similar policies and practices particularly in collectivist cultures where children are seen as an economic liability (Greenfield, 1995).Nonetheless, todays interconnected society means that many agencies are now working together with a multi-agency approach based on an international level This reinforces the view that ecology, the environment and nurture shape the development of babies in their first year of life. in the same way empiricists have ins isted that at birth the mind is a blank slate a ‘tabula rasa’ and that all knowledge is created by experience (Locke, 1704). Conversely, within developmental psychology with the growth of new technology there is now a growing emphasis on ‘inborn biases’ or ‘constraints’ on development.So in essence, the baby is programmed with certain’ operating principles’ that govern the way they listen to and try to make sense out of the flow of sounds coming at them ( Slobin, 1985b). This is another reason why very young babies already seem to understand that objects will move downwards unless it encounters an obstacle (Spelke, 1991). Notwithstanding, current theorists do not propose that these built-in response patterns are the whole factors; rather they are the starting point.What then develops is a result of experience filtered through these initial biases; however those biases do constrain the developmental pathways that are possible (Camp bell and Bickhard, 1992). Likewise, the interactive approach to an infant’s development in the first year also states that Taking all the above mentioned into account this essay is lead to the conclusion that each factor is parallel and relative to one another and that the balance of biology and social expectations is different in different areas of an infant’s development.Moreover, it is inevitable that both aspects of nature and nurture work in a collaborative manner alongside an organic system that operates together which is why even in those areas of development that appear to be the most clearly biologically determined can only occur if the child is growing in an environment that falls within the range of sufficient environments. After all, Albert Einstein did claim that ‘all that is valuable in human society depends upon the opportunity for development accorded the individual’ (1950).

Henry Fairfield Osborn - A Profile of the Famous Paleontologist

Name: Henry Fairfield Osborn Born/Died: 1857-1935 Nationality: American Dinosaurs Named: Tyrannosaurus Rex, Pentaceratops, Ornitholestes, Velociraptor About Henry Fairfield Osborn Like many successful scientists, Henry Fairfield Osborn was fortunate in his mentor: the famous American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope, who inspired Osborn to make some of the greatest fossil discoveries of the early 20th century. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey in Colorado and Wyoming, Osborn unearthed such famous dinosaurs as Pentaceratops and Ornitholestes, and (from his vantage point as president of the American Museum of Natural History in New York) was responsible for naming both Tyrannosaurus Rex (which had been discovered by museum employee Barnum Brown) and Velociraptor, which had discovered by another museum employee, Roy Chapman Andrews. In retrospect, Henry Fairfield Osborn had more of an impact on natural history museums than  he did on  paleontology; as one biographer says, he was a first-rate science administrator and a third-rate scientist. During his tenure at the American Museum of Natural History, Osborn spearheaded innovative visual displays designed to attract the general public (witness the dozens of habitat dioramas featuring realistic-looking prehistoric animals, which can still be seen in the museum today), and thanks to his efforts the AMNH remains the premier dinosaur destination in the world. At the time, however, many museum scientists were unhappy with Osborns efforts, believing that money spent on displays could be better spent on continuing research. Away from his fossil expeditions and his museum, unfortunately, Osborn had a darker side. Like many affluent, educated, white  Americans of the early 20th century, he was a firm believer in eugenics (the use of selective breeding to weed out less desirable races), to the extent that he imposed his prejudices on some museum galleries, misleading an entire generation of children (for example, Osborn refused to believe that the distant ancestors of humans resembled apes more than they did Homo sapiens).  Perhaps  more oddly, Osborn never quite came to terms with the theory of evolution, preferring the semi-mystical doctrine of orthogenetics (the belief that life is driven to increasing complexity by a mysterious force, and not the mechanisms of genetic mutation and natural selection).